Reading+Log+1

Super ! ! 4,5pts [[image:dancingflower.gif]]
**__ ​ Reading Log 1__** Read the following text and answer the following questions:

I. Pre-reading: a. What do you know about the chaos theory? I do not know much about this theory, only that this theory explain about the unexpected things that occur in a process.

b. What do you think the text will be about? I think that the text we explain the definition of Chaos theory and the characteristic presented.

c. Write a list of five words (minimum) that you think you can find in the text you will read. Mathematics, causes, consequence, system , unexpected.

 Now click on the following link, then check your previous responses. Once you finish, please answer the questions below the picture []

II. Reading: 1. Read the text and check if you can find any of the words you wrote in your list (the one you wrote in the pre-reading, letter c.) 2. Underline all the definitions you find in the text. 3. In the definitions: Mark the term being defined, the general class words and the characteristics of the terms. 4. Find the descriptions if any. 5. Find what the following referents, underlined in the sentences below, refer to in the text. Be careful some items more contain more than one referent:

a. Chaos Theory, theory describing the complex and unpredictable motion or dynamics of systems **__that__** are sensitive to **__their initial conditions__** b. Until recently, it was believed that if the dynamics of a system behaved unpredictably, **__it__** was due to random external influences c. "It may happen that small differences in the initial conditions produce very great ones in the final phenomena. A small error in **__the former__** will produce an enormous error in **__the latter__**. Prediction becomes impossible.…" d. The ramifications of Poincaré's discovery were not fully appreciated by most scientists until computers allowed **__them__** to easily model and visualize chaotic systems. e. He demonstrated visually that there was structure in his chaotic weather model **__that__**, **__when plotted__** ...

6. What new aspects did you discover about the chaos theory? 7. Is the chaos theory related to real life aspects? Explain

1. Read the text and check if you can find any of the words you wrote in your list (the one you wrote in the pre-reading, letter c.) Only are: systems and mathemathecally

2. Underline all the definitions you find in the text. 3. In the definitions: Mark the term being defined, the general class words and the characteristics of the terms. 4. Find the descriptions if any. definition: __**Underline**__ Characteristics: (red)

Term to be defined: (green) Characteristics of the terms: (purple ) General class word: (blue)  __ C haos Theory , theory ____ describing the complex and unpredictable motion or dynamics of systems that are sensitive to their initial conditions. Chaotic systems are mathematically deterministic—that is, they follow precise laws, but their irregular behavior can appear to be random to the casual observer. __ Chaotic behavior is common in systems as varied as electric circuits, measles outbreaks, lasers, clashing gears, heart rhythms, electrical brain activity, circadian rhythms, fluids, animal populations, and chemical reactions. It is suspected that even economic systems, such as the stock exchange, may be chaotic . The field of chaos is evolving rapidly from a theoretical to an applied science.  The dynamic nature of the universe has led to a great deal of scientific research dedicated to analyzing change. Until recently, it was believed that if the dynamics of a system behaved unpredictably, it was due to random external influences. Therefore, scientists concluded that if random influences could be eliminated, then the behavior of all such deterministic systems could be predicted indefinitely . __ I t is now known t hat many systems can exhibit long-term unpredictability even in the absence of random influences. Such <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">systems <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> are called <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">chaoti c __. Even very simple systems, such as a pendulum, exhibit chaos. The unpredictability of chaotic systems arises due to their sensitivity to their initial conditions, such as their initial position and velocity. T wo identical chaotic systems set in motion with slightly different initial conditions can quickly exhibit motions that are quite different. French mathematician Henri Poincaré concluded that he could not prove the solar system to be completely predictable. He was the first to state the defining feature of what later became known as chaos : " <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">It may happen that small differences in the initial conditions produce very great ones in the final phenomena. A small error in the former will produce an enormous error in the latter. Prediction becomes impossible. …" <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;"> The ramifications of Poincaré's discovery were not fully appreciated by most scientists until computers allowed them to easily model and visualize chaotic systems. Before then, however, pioneering scientists and engineers at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration used Poincaré's work to send people and satellites into orbit. Edward Lorenz, an American meteorologist, discovered in the early 1960s that a simplified computer model of the weather demonstrated extreme sensitivity to the initial measured state of the weather (see Meteorology). He demonstrated visually that there was structure in his chaotic weather model that, when plotted in three dimensions, fell onto a butterfly-shaped fractal set of points of a type now known as a strange attractor. Lorenz rediscovered chaos and proved that long-range forecasting of the weather was impossible. By the early 1980s, experiments regularly showed that many physical and biological systems behave chaotically. One of the first such systems to be discovered was the dripping water faucet. Under certain conditions, the timing between water drops from a leaking faucet demonstrates chaotic behavior, making the long-term prediction of the timing of drops impossible. According to recent evidence, Poincaré's observations concerning the unpredictability of the solar system appear to be correct. Observations and computer simulations of the irregular tumbling motion of Hyperion, a potato-shaped moon of Saturn, have provided the first conclusive proof that objects in the solar system can behave chaotically. Recent computer simulations have also shown that the orbit of <span style="background-color: #dfaafd; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">, is chaotic.

another definition
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;"> Scientists are currently developing applications that use chaos. New chaos-aware control techniques are being used to stabilize lasers, manipulate chemical reactions, encode information, and change chaotic heart rhythms into healthy, regular heart rhythms.

5. Find what the following referents, underlined in the sentences below, refer to in the text. Be careful some items more contain more than one referent: Referents: (blue "2") a. Chaos Theory, theory describing the complex and unpredictable motion or dynamics of systems **__that__** are sensitive to **__their initial conditions__** that: (dynamics of systems) their conditions: <span style="color: #15a2a2; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">(dynamics of systems) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;"> b. Until recently, it was believed that if the dynamics of a system behaved unpredictably, **__it__** was due to random external influences

__**it**__: (a system behaved unpredictably)

c. "It may happen that small differences in the initial conditions produce very great ones in the final phenomena. A small error in **__the former__** will produce an enormous error in **__the latter__**. Prediction becomes impossible.…"


 * __the former__**: (the initial conditions)


 * __the latter__**: (the final phenomena)

d. The ramifications of Poincaré's discovery were not fully appreciated by most scientists until computers allowed **__them__** to easily model and visualize chaotic systems.

__**them**__: <span style="color: #09a5a5; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">(scientist) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">

e. He demonstrated visually that there was structure in his chaotic weather model **__that__**, **__when plotted__** ... __**that**__: ( Structure ) __**when plotted**__: ( chaotic weather model )

Good
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;"> 6. What new aspects did you discover about the chaos theory? I discovered that small errors bring big consequence in the future. Besides, not all thigs act in the same way, although the initial conditions are iqua l.

Good
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">7. Is the chaos theory related to real life aspects? Explain Yes, because many thigs of the daily life are affected for external causes, that produces significant changes. For Example, the destruction of the ozone laye; the cars produce gas (initial condition) and this gas is going into the atmosphere, where it destroys the ozone layer.